Thulium Facts

Thulium is one of the rarest of the rare earth metals. This silver-gray metals share many common properties with other lanthanides but also displays some unique characteristics. Here is a look at some interesting thulium facts: Although the rare earth elements arent all that rare, they are so-named because they are difficult to extract from their ores and purify. Thulium actually is the least abundant of the rare earths.Thulium metal is soft enough that it can be cut with a knife. Like other rare earths, it is malleable and ductile.Thulium has a silvery appearance. It is fairly stable in air. It reacts slowly in water and more quickly in acids.Swedish chemist Per Teodor Cleve discovered thulium in 1879 from an analysis of the mineral erbia, a source of several rare earth elements.Thulium is named for the early name for Scandinavia—Thule.The principal source of thulium is the mineral monazite, which contains thulium at a concentration of  about 20 parts per million.Thulium is not toxic, although it has no known biological function.Natural thulium consists of one stable isotope, Tm-169. 32 radioactive isotopes of thulium have been produced, with atomic masses ranging from 146 to 177.The most common o xidation state of thulium is Tm3. This trivalent ion most commonly forms green compounds. When excited, Tm3 emits a strong blue fluorescence. One interesting fact is that this fluorescence, along with red from europium Eu3  and green from terbium Tb3, is used as security markers in Euro banknotes. The fluorescence appears when the notes are held under black or ultraviolet light.Because of its rarity and expense, there are not many uses for thulium and its compounds. However, it is used to dope YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) lasers, in ceramic magnetic materials, and as a radiation source (after bombardment in a reactor) for portable x-ray equipment. Thulium Chemical and Physical Properties Element Name: Thulium Atomic Number: 69 Symbol: Tm Atomic Weight: 168.93421 Discovery: Per Theodor Cleve 1879 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Xe] 4f13 6s2 Element Classification: Rare Earth (Lanthanide) Word Origin: Thule, the ancient name of Scandinavia. Density (g/cc): 9.321 Melting Point (K): 1818 Boiling Point (K): 2220 Appearance: soft, malleable, ductile, silvery metal Atomic Radius (pm): 177 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 18.1 Covalent Radius (pm): 156 Ionic Radius: 87 (3e) Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.160 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 232 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.25 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 589 Oxidation States: 3, 2 Lattice Structure: Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.540 Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.570 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table

International Trade Policy Of Russia - 1531 Words

Abstract In this paper, the author attempt to shed light on the introduction the international trade policy of Russia. For this purpose, the author studied the international trade pattern of Russia through the analysis of geography, historical and economical factors. The previous studies analyzed the international trade policies of Russia on the basis of their domestic factors. But, the significance of this study rests upon the fact that it endeavors to explore the international relationship with other countries from the economical and political angles. For this analysis, the basic structures of this paper are as follows. First, we stated flatly the overall trade pattern and trade structure of Russia based on the financial transactional data. Second, the commodity structure was found to have a significant effect on the international trade policy of Russia, so I introduced some important components of trade policy which already been taken by Russia. Third, the involvement in regional trade activity was revealed to have a greater influence on the trade policy, so I presented the agreements Russia reached with other countries and emphasize the relationship and disputes with United States. The results of this study suggest the international trade policy of Russia from the perspective of relationship with other countries that should have been considered important. Keyword: International trade policy, Russia, Trade relationship 1. Overall trade pattern of Russia TalkingShow MoreRelatedRussia QA Essay1604 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Russia is a democratic republic with 83 federal units. The country is bordered by 14 countries including Norway, Finland, Estonia, and Poland. It is one of the largest countries in the world with a land area of 17,000,000 squire kilometers and a population of 143 million people. The country is well endowed with natural resources like minerals, forest cover and water resources. 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Instead they modified Marx’s teachings, because Lenin believed Marx’s plans were created specifically for Germany, and because Russia had not achieved the high level of industrialization needed for a full proletariat revolution. As aRead MoreRole Of A Nation s Government Plays On International Competitiveness And Uses Theories Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesNew trade theorist, Michael Porter, described the role of governments in international business as one of â€Å"catalyst and challenger† (Pettus Hemls, 2008). A nation’s government has the capacity to control international business handling through the implementation of policies, actions and affairs. This essay aims to discuss the role a nation’s government plays in their internati onal competitiveness and uses theories such as protectionism, neo-mercantilism and Porter’s Diamond, as well as real life

The Looking Glass Self states that we imagine Free Essays

The Looking Glass Self states that we imagine how we appear to others and how we imagine others reaction to our imagined appearance and that we evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine others have judged us. Every day of my life that I leave the house to go to school or to work or even to do shopping; I spend a long time in the mirror trying to reassure myself that I look alright, when I go out, I imagine that people I pass by look at me and notice that I do not look good. I imagine them passing on judgments at me, commenting at my hair, my shirt, my shoes, my over all appearance etc. We will write a custom essay sample on The Looking Glass Self states that we imagine or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus when I meet someone who says that I look good, I usually tell myself that they are just saying it out of politeness and that they are just to ashamed to tell me I look awful. I understand now that our self-concept is influenced by how we think other people see us and that it is a very dangerous path to take, because our belief in who we are is dependent on other people and we will end up continuously comparing ourselves to others which ultimately lead us to feel negatively about our selves. When I watched the video of Reviving Ophelia, I felt alarmed at how media has become a greater force in shaping how teens behave and think about themselves. The media portrays what the ideal teen should be and they are sending the message that girls should be provocative and sexy, that to feel good they should make every effort to catch the attention of boys, and the most popular with the boys are the best. After watching the video, I watched TV and took notice more of the present advertisements that targeted teens, and I was appalled at how blatantly sexual the messages are. I strongly feel that something should be done about this advertisements, and that parents and the school should take a more active role in the lives of teens beyond the home and the classroom. Upon completing the readings for chapter 3, I think I have a better understanding of how teens develop their self-concept and their identities. Erikson calls this identity crisis, which refers to the phase that any adolescent undergoes to establish his/her identity and this is a process wherein other people’s perception are the most influential. A number of theorists have explained this phase and have come up with varied explanations ranging from the biological to the psychological and even to the idea of generational differences. What I have learned is that an individual is affected by society and that society affects the individual in a number of ways. Â   How to cite The Looking Glass Self states that we imagine, Essay examples

Professional Issues in Information Technology Accounting Software

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Issues in Information Technology for Accounting Software. Answer: Introduction Professional ethics in information technology attracts various level of compliance related to ethical issues to provide best level of service to the external stakeholders in the form of customers. While the industry demands more of transparent and prudent attitude from the service providers, it also ensures that the customers will be served with professional attitude with mitigating the scope of being misled or deprived by the solution provided by the IT companies. In the below article, we will thoroughly analyze the case study in the perspective of ethical evaluation related to IT service so far social, ethical and legal issues are concerned followed by research on Australian Standard of corporate governance on ICT and reflective report of the case study by describing, exploring, evaluating and planning for future course of action[1]. Professional Standards as per ACS As per ACS guideline towards compliance of professional standards, the same is based upon pillars of codes as set by the authority. The codes define different level of compliance in respect of abiding the law. The codes endorse ACS values in the forms of flowing: Prioritize public interest as prime objective improvement of value of life of stakeholders sincerity ability Development of professional skills Professionalism[2]. As per this referred case study, professional standards are violated by the company by harming the interest of users through misleading information resulting to their unexpected outcome from using the software with resultant outcome of non-assurance of quality of life of the stakeholders. This activity is not proven to be honest and competent for the customers as the software used by the customers had put them in the domain of discomfort with resultant hazards. This activity is also not conforming the professional aspect so far professionalism and professional development is concerned as the software thus launched in the market is done with the awareness that the same may cause damage to the users due to its loopholes existing in the system[3]. Identification of Potentially Affected Identities Referred case study is highlighting the launching of accounting software with tax calculation with bug. Although disclaimer is being mentioned, the customers have used it for their easy accessibility of tax return module and the same had resulted to improper submission of tax return with subsequent penalties imposed upon them. The customers used the software for their tax return and due to presence of probable presence of bug, the tax return had created harassment to the users and the clients had faced unnecessary situation which was due to lack of professionalism on the part of the company[4]. Ideal Action from the Company To comply with the ACS values, the president of the company should try to mitigate the possibility of ill functioning of the software before launching the same in the market. In order to ensure the same, the software should be passed through rigorous process of trail and error system through research and thus the risk of ill functioning of the software could be mitigated. Moreover, the disclaimer declaration in the software it self can not prove its worth to the customers, because they are opting for this software to be at comfort zone related to tax return domain. Hence it is the prime and foremost duty of the company to ensure primacy of public interest with the objective of enhancement of quality of life of customers which was denied. Being the president of the company, short term gain for the company should not be prioritized with the cost of customers expectation, instead long term gain is to be highlighted with creation of loyal and satisfied customer base by providing the cove ted level of service they look for from the software launched by the company. Australian Standard for Corporate Governance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) AS 8015-2005 Scope This is a standard set by ACS with the scope of providing guidance to the Directors of any ICT organization to ensure efficient, effective and up to the standard of ICT within the activities of their respective organization. This standard is applicable to ensure governance of any type of resource in order to extend effective information and communication service and support to the respective organization through the expertise of ICT professionals for the in-house use within the organization or service providers of external in nature or for the purpose of serving the business entities within the sphere of the organization. Objectives The goal of implementing this Standard is to ensure promotion of effective, competent, and satisfactory use of ICT in all organizations by(a) arranging provision for stakeholders of internal and external in nature by raising the confidence of accomplishment of the Standard if, is followed, generation of trust can be made in the corporate governance of the organizations of ICT; (b) providing information with guidance to the Directors to govern the use of ICT in their organization; and (c) ensuring provision of the basis for objective evaluation of the corporate governance of ICT. Application This standard is applicable to organizations like: Any companies irrespective of its legal status, NPOs or Not-for-profit organizations Government entities This specific standard extends guidance to the internal and external stakeholders of the business entities allied with ICT including internal and external service provider, ICT auditors and internal or external technical specialists[5]. Reflective Report Description Week 1-3 Learning Describe The above case study had highlighted the areas of lacuna in the ICT industry where the president of the company had not taken proper action to debug the software and had hurriedly launched the same with a disclaimer. Explore This case study had pointed out the effectiveness of the ACS standards as this would be instrumental to ensure the interest of the customers and external stakeholders. The good part of this case study is that it can make the customers aware of the product with terms and conditions and disclaimer declaration mentioned in the product, and thus it makes the customers educated and updated about the conditions of the product. The bad part of this case study is pointing out the nil compensation of the affected customers who had to bear the penalties due to misrepresentation of tax return for which the software was found guilty. Evaluate This case study highlighted the area of self development as an ICT professional by complying ethical codes as set by ACS standard to ensure primacy of public interest by substantiating quality of life for stakeholders. Every loopholes of the product is to be mitigated through rigorous research process and not to launch any product with proven track record of efficiency and accurateness. Plan Future planning is to be made through research work on the specific product to make it full proof while at laboratory. Proper step-wise actions are to be initiated to ensure proper accuracy as per coveted level of performance through professionalism for the product before launching the same in the market to confirm loyal customer base for the product and the company, as a whole. References: [1] George W. Reynolds, Ethics in Information Technology, 5th ed. Australia: Strayer University, April 2012. [Online]. https://dinus.ac.id/repository/docs/ajar/ethics_in_information_technology2c_5th_ed._0_.pdf [2] Acs. (2016) ACS Certification Guidelines. [Online]. https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/ACSimages/Certification-Guidelines-V4.2.pdf [3] Acs. (2014, April) ACS Code of Professional Conduct Professional Standards Board Australian Computer Society. [Online]. https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/rules-and-regulations/Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf [4] Acs. (2015, August) ACS core body of knowledge. [Online]. https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/rules-and-regulations/The-ACS-Core-Body-of-Knowledge-for-ICT-Professionals-CBOK.pdf [5] Acs. (2005, January) Corporate governance of information and technology. [Online]. https://www.saiglobal.com/PDFTemp/Previews/OSH/as/as8000/8000/8015-2005.pdf