Worldwide Recycling Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Best, Most Famous Plays by Harold Pinter

The Best, Most Famous Plays by Harold Pinter Conceived: October tenth, 1930 (London, England) Passed on: December 24th, 2008 â€Å"I’ve always been unable to compose a cheerful play, however I’ve had the option to appreciate a glad life.† - Harold Pinter Parody of Menace To state that Harold Pinter’s plays are miserable is a gross modest representation of the truth. Most pundits have marked his characters â€Å"sinister† and â€Å"malevolent.† The activities inside his plays are somber, critical, and deliberately without reason. The crowd leaves confounded with a nauseous inclination †an uncomfortable sensation, just as you should accomplish something awfully significant, however you can’t recall what it was. You leave the auditorium somewhat upset, somewhat energized, and more than bit unequal. What's more, that’s simply the way Harold Pinter needed you to feel. Pundit Irving Wardle utilized the term, â€Å"Comedies of Menace† to portray Pinter’s emotional work. The plays are powered by extraordinary discourse that appears to be disengaged from any kind of composition. The crowd once in a while knows the foundation of the characters. They don’t even know whether the characters are coming clean. The plays do offer a predictable subject: control. Pinter portrayed his emotional writing as an examination of â€Å"the incredible and the powerless.† In spite of the fact that his previous plays were practices in foolishness, his later shows turned out to be obviously political. During the most recent decade of his life, he concentrated less on composing and more on political activism (of the left-wing assortment). In 2005 he won the Nobel Prize for Literature. During his Nobel address he expressed: â€Å"You need to hand it to America. It has practiced a very clinical control of intensity worldwide while taking on the appearance of a power for general good.† Legislative issues aside, his plays catch a nightmarish power that shocks the theater. Here is a concise gander at the best of Harold Pinter’s plays: The Birthday Party (1957) An upset and tousled Stanley Webber could conceivably be a piano player. It could possibly be his birthday. He could possibly know the two insidiously bureaucratic guests that have come to threaten him. There are numerous vulnerabilities all through this strange show. Nonetheless, one thing is unmistakable: Stanley is a case of a weak character battling against incredible substances. (Furthermore, you can most likely think about who is going to win.) The Dumbwaiter (1957) It has been said that this one demonstration play was the motivation for the 2008 film In Bruges. In the wake of review both the Colin Farrell film and the Pinter play, it is anything but difficult to see the associations. â€Å"The Dumbwaiter† uncovers the occasionally exhausting, now and then nervousness ridden lives of two hired gunmen †one is a prepared proficient, the other is more current, more uncertain of himself. As they stand by to get orders for their next destructive task, something rather odd occurs. The dumbwaiter at the rear of the room ceaselessly lets down food orders. Be that as it may, the two hired gunmen are in a grungy cellar †there’s no food to get ready. The more the food orders continue, the more the professional killers turn on one another. The Caretaker (1959) In contrast to his previous plays, The Caretaker was a budgetary triumph, the first of numerous business victories. The full-length play happens completely in a pitiful, one-room condo possessed by two siblings. One of the siblings is intellectually debilitated (clearly from electro-stun treatment). Maybe in light of the fact that he isn’t exceptionally splendid, or maybe out of thoughtfulness, he brings a vagabond into their home. A powerplay starts between the vagrant and the siblings. Each character speaks enigmatically about things they need to achieve in their life †yet not one of the characters satisfies his statement. The Homecoming (1964) Envision you and your better half travel from America to your old neighborhood in England. You acquaint her with your dad and common laborers siblings. Sounds like a decent family get-together, correct? All things considered, presently envision your testosterone-frantic family members recommend that your better half forsake her three kids and remain on as a whore. And afterward she acknowledges the offer! That’s the sort of wound anarchy that happens all through Pinter’s mischievous Homecoming. Bygone eras (1970) This play outlines the adaptability and unsteadiness of memory. Deeley has been hitched to his better half Kate for more than two decades. However, he clearly doesn't have a deep understanding of her. At the point when Anna, Kate’s companion from her removed bohemian days, shows up they start discussing the past. The subtleties are ambiguously sexual, however it appears that Anna had a sentimental relationship with Deeley’s spouse. Thus starts a verbal fight as each character describes what they recall about days of old †however it’s unsure whether those recollections are a result of truth or creative mind.

Project Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Task Managment - Essay Example In any case, deciding if the redesign was a triumph moves past building physical assets and thinks about components of arranging and control when outer partners are supporting the undertaking or scrutinizing its drawn out worth and advantage. Effective task the executives through a domain with continuous questions and interferences while endeavoring to keep up a positive partner relationship expects commitment to arranging, setting up control frameworks for representatives and frameworks and client/accomplice relationship the executives. The equivalent can be said for the Forth Bridge redesign venture, as it involves monetary contemplations on the nearby network just as quantifiable changes in best practice identified with keeping up quality partner connections. Arranging includes an emphasis on HR improvement, keeping up quality in development as well as in coordinated effort and controlling procedure and asset designation in the most financially savvy technique accessible. Both the Forth Bridge and Thermae Spa experienced postponements and complexities during the remodel stage, anyway corresponding to arranging, control and partner administration, the two tasks met or are meeting their proposed objectives. This is the idea of venture the board: â€Å"Ongoing, excellent business associations with clients have been perceived as a wellspring of serious advantage†¦the capacity to control these connections and upgrade their quality is essential to satisfaction† (Myhal, Kang and Murphy 2008, p.445). In significant remodel ventures including numerous partner gatherings, relationship improvement over a drawn out task is a key capacity both for arranging and for control. Key staff will be going about as agents of the remodel business or support association, consequently preparing in advertising ought to be remembered for the preparation educational program. Venture the board is recognizing the effect of human work force, as identified with essential things of social science and brain research, and

Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald Essay -- Great Gatsby Scott Fitzgeral

Extraordinary Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald The 1920s is the decade in American history known as the â€Å"roaring twenties.† Scott Fitzgerald’s tale The Great Gatsby is an impression of life during the 1920s. Blasting gatherings, noticeable quality, new style patterns, and the abundance of liquor are on the whole parts of life in the â€Å"roaring twenties.†      The blasting gatherings in Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby reflect life in America during the 1920s. Gatsby shows his conspicuous fortune by tossing terrific gatherings. From nearby, Nick Carraway witnesses the area of Gatsby’s impressive summer parties: There was music from my neighbor’s house through the mid year evenings. In his blue nurseries people went back and forth like moths among the whisperings of champagne and the stars†¦On week-closes his Rolls-Royce turned into an omnibus, bearing gatherings to and from the city, between nine in the first part of the day and long past 12 PM, while his station wagon hurried like a lively yellow bug to meet all the trains (Fitzgerald 43). Gatsby’s house enlightens, the jazz music blasts for the whole town to hear, the bubbly is served, and the visitors move until one A.M. The gatherings are â€Å"roaring.† Gatsby’s parties show the manner in which Americans mingled and the way of life they lived during the 1920s when â€Å"Americans moved to the decades euphoric music at a wild eyed and quickening pace†¦Americans started to ad lib relaxation time exercises that had no reason other than having a ton of fun. Individuals thundered during that time expectation on getting a charge out of each energizing snapshot of it†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Nash 370). Life in the twenties comprised of fun, fun, and fun. Americans celebrated like there was no tomorrow. Gatsby’s parties mirror the manner in which society celebrated during the 1920s. Americans tossed costly endless affairs. One outcome from the excellent gatherings and wealth was the addition in acclaim.      Prominence in The Great Gatsby is basic for life in Long Island and furthermore reflects 1920s America. Gatsby tosses sublime gatherings, gloats about his vehicle, and parades his exorbitant materials. Gatsby’s materials and wealth bring about his tremendous prominence. During one of Gatsby’s parties, Nick becomes interested when he catches a gathering tattling about Gatsby. The tattle â€Å"was a declaration to the sentimental theory he propelled that there were murmurs regarding him from the individuals who had discovered little that it was important to murmur regarding in this world†(Fitzgerald 48). Gatsby’s fo... ...gerald 55). Nick’s viewpoint on the night has changed in a moment. In 1920s America, liquor was similarly as significant for what it's worth in the novel The Great Gatsby. In America everybody was revolting to Prohibition. In spite of the law, â€Å"women who had not been permitted to drink in cantinas went to the new speakeasies, where people swallowed down Prohibition’s new beverage, the cocktail†(Nash 398). Americans drank alcohol when they and where they could. The utilization of liquor during the 1920s was critical similarly as it was in The Great Gatsby. The measure of liquor served at Gatsby’s parties and by and large is an outline of the overindulgence of liquor during the 1920s. The drinking, the gatherings, the rich and acclaimed, and the style first class make up Gatsby’s life as well as the 1920s too.      Lavish parties, noticeable quality, trendy garments, and the overflow of liquor are angles that outline 1920s America. The Great Gatsby composed by F. Scott Fitzgerald is an immediate impression of the lives of American during the time. American history will consistently know the 1920s as the â€Å"roaring twenties† because of the suddenness and insubordination that existed. It is no explanation the decade is known as â€Å"roaring.†

Side Effects of Navane (Thiothixine)

Side Effects of Navane (Thiothixine) Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Print Side Effects of Navane (Thiothixine) By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Updated on June 24, 2019 C. Thatcher / Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Treatment Medications Symptoms Diagnosis Navaneâ€"which also goes by its generic name, thiothixeneâ€"is an anti-psychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and psychotic features of other conditions, including bipolar disorder. As with all prescription drugs, Navane comes with the risk of side effects, some of them serious. It also can cause withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it, which can be managed by your physician. Heres some information on the side effects you should watch out for when taking Navane. Most Dangerous Side Effects   Navane potentially can cause tardive dyskinesia, which is a condition that causes your muscles to move involuntarily. This is a rare side effect: fewer than one in every 100 people who have taken anti-psychotic medications develops it. But if you do develop tardive dyskinesia, it may not be reversible even if you stop taking Navane. When you have tardive dyskinesia, your tongue may stick out, your mouth or jaw may move or smack involuntarily, and the muscles in your limbs may contract or move without you consciously deciding to move them. Tardive dyskinesia tends to develop in long-term users of Navane and similar drugs, but it can occur even if youve only been taking the drug a short time. Women and the elderly are at a higher risk for this serious side effect than other people for whom Navane may be prescribed. If you experience any involuntary muscle movements while taking Navane, inform your doctor immediatelyâ€"she may decide to change your medications. Theres another potentially fatal neurological condition that may be caused by Navane called neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Symptoms of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome include muscle stiffness, changes in mood or consciousness, a very high fever (in the range of 102 to 104 degrees), and rapid breathing. These symptoms represent a medical emergency, so if you experience them while taking Navane, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room. Common Side Effects   Theres a long list of more common but less serious side effects associated with Navane. These include: ConstipationDecreased sweatingDizzinessLightheadedness or faintingMild drowsinessDry mouthIncreased appetite and weight gainIncreased sun sensitivityStuffy nose Contact your physician if any of these side effects persist or if they interfere with your daily lifeâ€"she may be able to adjust your dose or your medications to lessen their effects. Less Common Side Effects Navane also can cause the following less common side effects: Changes in menstrual periodDecreased sexual abilitySwelling of breasts in both males and femalesUnusual secretion of milk Theres also a risk of liver damage with Navane. Signs of this can include: Nausea and vomitingFatigue and flu-like symptomsLoss of appetiteItchingJaundice (yellow skin or eyes)Darkened urine These symptoms are potentially serious, so you should contact your physician immediately if you experience any of them. Navane also can cause eye damage, so call your doctor right away if you have changes in vision, especially reductions in your night vision.

Overview Of Hard Disk Drives - Free Essay Example

LITERATURE REVIEW The suspension manufacturing process is an important research area. So, this chapter presents: An introduction physical components in HDD An introduction component of suspension Finite Element Method Principle types of bending Bending Methods Theoretical Bending Models Design of Experiments Experimental Analysis 2.1 Physical component in HDD The computer hard disk drives (HDD) are used to store a large quantity of information for retrieval as and when required. Figure 2.1 shows the main components of Hard disk drives. A Hard disk drive consists of three important mechanical components such as a fly head mechanism, a head positioning mechanism, and a disk spindle mechanism. However, Read/Write operations on a magnetic disk are performed by the rotational motion of the recording and the radial motion of the recording head using the swing arm actuator. [6]. Figure 2.1: Components of hard disk drive assembly. Table 2.1: Function for component of Hard disk drives Components of hard disk drive Functions HEAD ARM The magnetic element reads/writes magnetic signals SLIDER The strategically shaped block of graphite that carries the head READ/WRITE HEAD It is integrated with slider, which is mounted on the head of suspension. This device used to record information on the disk or read information from it. SUSPENSION The head is attached to this components and it is the carrier for the Slider that allows the head to fly over the disk surface. VCM The VCM or actuator is the device used to position the head arm to different tracks on the surface of the platter. DISK/MEDIA/PLATTERS A thin round aluminum or glass substrate that is coated with a magnetic material. The head writes and reads to/from the disk. SPINDLE/MOTOR Disks are stacked along the length of the spindle and the motor spins the disks at a consistent RPM (Revolutions Per Minute). 2.2 Component of suspension The suspension interconnects carries signals from the write driver to the write head and from the read head to the preamplifier. Therefore, the components of Hard disk drive are composed of Load beam, Mount plate, and Flat flexure circuit as shown in Figure 2.2 [7]. Figure 2.2: The component of the suspension. 2.2.1 Suspension Functions All magnetic Hard disk drive require suspensions to hold/support the Read/Write head and provide precise preload angle (GL) [8]. Figure 2.3: Suspension Functions. A suspension assembly holds recording heads over the spinning disk surface but instead flyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? at a precise very small height above the disk surface. It is the suspension that allows the head to fly less than 0.01 micrometer above the disk surface that is rotating continuously at speeds range between 5,400 to 20,000 rpm as shown in Figure 2.4. Human hair~50 mm Dia. Fly height 0.01mm Dust particle ~5 mm Dia. Figure 2.4: The precise very small height above the disk surface. 1. The flying height concern, the ability of the head to read or write data, while insufficient flying height causes the head to scratch the disk surface and destroy the magnetic coating and the data on the disk. The head is able to stay precisely at the correct flying height because of the equilibrium of the upward force of the air driven under the head and the downward force controlled by the suspension assembly as shown in Figure 2.5. Preload angle DGL DGLL Figure 2.5: Force balance on suspension operation. Spring rate is both the output of individual standard Gram load and the displacement, because the individual standard Gram load and displacement are directly affected the spring rate whether low or high Spring rate. The range of changing DGL has low spring rate. On other hand, the range of changing DGL has high spring rate. However, low or high spring rate will be displacement Dz in z direction, if we consider low spring rate better than high spring rate. 2. The suspension must also hold the head at the correct angles in two axes PSA and RSA simultaneously. 3. The suspension must also optimize resonance for provide less off-track movement during seek. 4. Others critical parameters as customer requirement. 2.3 Finite Element Method 2.3.1 Introduction Considered to the direct methods, the finite element technique further offers the idea of discretization, this time of the very structure or solid under investigation. This allows broadening the class of problems amenable to solution so as to include those dealing directly with modern technology. On the other hand, a sufficiently fine mesh and/or high order of approximation within elements ensure that the error is kept reasonably small. This technique requires the processing of extensive data and may efficiently be implemented with the help of computers only. 2.3.2 Fundamental Concepts FEM cuts a structure into several elements (pieces of the structure). Then it reconnects elements at à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“nodesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? as if nodes were pins or drops of glue that hold elements together. This process results in a set of simultaneous algebraic equations. Figure 2.6: Many engineering phenomena can be expressed by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“governing equationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“boundary conditionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Figure 2.7: FEM Resolution way; FEM approximates problem equations to a set of algebraic equations. K = Property U = Behavior F = Action Figure 2.8: Behavior is the unknown parameter of the problem. 2.3.4 Basic steps in the Finite Element Method The basic steps involved in and finite element analysis consist as shown in Figure 2.9 [9]. Post-processing Phases Solution Phase Preprocessing Phase Figure 2.9: Basic steps in the Finite element method. 2.3.4-1 Preprocessing phase 1. Create and discretize the solution domain into finite element; that is, subdivide the problem into nodes and elements. 2. Assume a shape function to represent the physical behavior of an element; that is an approximate continuous function is assumed to represent the solution of an element. 3. Develop equation for an element. 4. Assemble the element to present the entire problem. Construct the global stiffness matrix. 5. Apply boundary conditions, initial conditions, and loading. 2.3.4-2 Solution phase Solve a set of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations simultaneously to obtain nodal results, such as displacement values at different nodes or temperature values at different nodes in a heat transfer problem. 2.3.4-3 Post-processing phase Obtain other important information. At this point, we may interest in values of principal stresses. 2.4 Principle types of Bending 2.4.1 Introduction Sheet-metal parts are typically produced by a sequence of bending operations. The bending process starts with a flat part and ends up with a three-dimensional object of interconnected planes. Sheet metal bending and metal forming is performed with the use of a metal bending machine called press brake, using various tool and holding resources. Tools consist of dies and punches of different shape and length. There is also a need of grippers that hold the part during operations. The workpiece to be metal formed is placed in the machine and the shoes are raised with elevation levers. The work is then slid into place, and the shoes lowered back down onto the piece to be formed. Metal bending occurs by applying force to the bending lever on the bending brake as shown in Figure 2.10. Adjustment bolts determine the radius of the metal bend. Minimum bend radius is a function of the ductility and thickness of the material being worked. It is needful to bend the work slightly beyond the desired angle because the sheet metals will springback. Sheet metal bending is carried out in metal fabrication shops [10]. (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 2.10: Sheet metal bending process. (a): position part on the die; (b): position punch on the part; (c): perform bending; (d): take out the part. 2.4.2 Design parameters The problems associated with forming high strength steel often are created during the design stage, when products are designed in such a way that they cannot be manufactured using conventional stamping methods. Or the product requires numerous or special offline operations, such as annealing or normalizing. Further, few of the most important part characteristics that need to be addressed during the design stage [10]. 2.4.3 Bending Radius and Bending Angle Bending dies should be designed so as to avoid sharp bent edges. The inside bending radius ri1,mm depends on the sheet metal thickness s [mm] and should be selected to be as large as possible, because sharp bent edges may lead to material failure. On principle, the bending radius should assume the values recommended by DIN6953. When bending sheet metal, particular attention should also be paid to the rolling direction for bending is transverse to the direction of the sheet metal, r1, min [10]. Figure 2.11: Elastic recovery after Bending. Remember that a small profile radius not only may cause an embrittlement fracture, but also can reduce the metal flow inward. Metal that is not in radial compression has very little resistance to flow. For example, the side walls of a deep-draw box have very little resistance to flow and are not as sensitive to the limiting draw ratio; however, the corners of the box are in radial compression. This radial compression causes a resistance to flow. Increasing the radius size reduces the amount of compression, resulting in increased metal flow inward [10]. 2.4.4 Springback When designing a bending die, it is necessary to consider springback that occurs after unloading. The material has a tendency to partially return to its original shape because of the elastic recovery of the material as shown in Figure 2.11. This is influenced not only by the tensile and yield strengths, but also by thickness, bend radius and bend angle. Springback occurs with all types of forming by bending, when bending in presses, folding, roll forming and roll bending. As a result of springback, the bending die angle a does not correspond precisely to the angle desired at the workpiece a2. The angle ratio is the so-called springback factor kR, which depends on the material characteristics and the ratio between the bending radiuses and sheet metal thickness (r/s) [10]. 2.5 Bending Methods There are so many types of bending operation. Most common methods for bending metal sheet are: Wiping Die Bending, Double Die Bending, and Roll Bending [11]. 2.5.1 Wiping Die Bending Wiping die bending is also known as flanging. One edge of the sheet is bent to 90 while the other end is restrained by the material itself and by the force of blank-holder and pad. The flange length can be easily changed and the bend angle can be controlled by the stroke position of the punch. Figure 2.12: Wiping Die Bending. 2.5.2 Double Die Bending Double die bending can be seen as two wiping operations acting on the work piece one after another. Double bending can enhance strain hardening to reduce springback. Figure 2.13: Double Die Bending. 2.5.3 Roll Bending The operations described in this section use rolls to form sheet metal. Roll bending is an operation in which large sheet-metal parts are formed into curved sections by means of rolls. As the sheet passes between the rolls, the rolls are brought toward each other to a configuration that achieves the desired radius of curvature on the work. A related operation is roll straightening in which nonflat sheets are straightened by passing them between a series of rolls. The rolls subject the work to a sequence of decreasing small bends in opposite directions, thus causing it to be straight at the exit [12]. Figure 2.14: Roll Bending. 2.6 Theoretical Bending Models Bending along a straight line is the most common of all sheet forming processes; it can be done in various ways such as forming along the complete bend in a die, or by wiping, folding or flanging in special machines, or sliding the sheet over a radius in a die. A very large amount of sheet is roll formed where it is bent progressively under shaped rolls. Failure by splitting during a bending process is usually limited to high-strength, less ductile sheet and a more common cause of unsatisfactory bending is lack of dimensional control in terms of springback [15]. 2.6.1 Variables in bending a continuous sheet To consider a unit width of a continuous sheet in which a cylindrical bent region of radius of curvature à ? is flanked by flat sheet as shown in Figure 2.15. The bend angle is ÃŽÂ ¸, and a moment per unit width M, and a tension (force per unit width) T are applied. We note that the tension T is applied at the middle surface of the sheet. The units of M are [force] [length]/ [length] and of T [force]/ [length]. Figure 2.15: A unit length of a continuous strip bent along a line. 2.6.2 Geometry and strain in bending In bending a thin sheet to a bend radius more than three or four times the sheet thickness, it may be assumed that a plane normal section in the sheet will remain plane and normal and converge on the centre of curvature as shown in Figure 2.16. Figure 2.16: Deformation of longitudinal fibers in bending and tension. In general, a line CDO at the middle surface may change its length to CD if, for example, the sheet is stretched during bending; i.e. the original length lO becomes. A line AB0 at a distance y from the middle surface will deform to a length. The axial strain of AB is where ÃŽÂ µa is the strain at the middle surface or the membrane strain and ÃŽÂ µb is the bending strain. Where the radius of curvature is large compared with the thickness, the bending strain can be approximated as, The strain distribution is approximately linear as shown in Figure 2.17. Figure 2.17: Assumed strain distribution in bending. 2.6.3 The pure bending calculation of beam The pure bending operation mention as below section, which is calculated for the theoretical bending moment [13].The simple case of pure bending is examined that the possessing a vertical axis of symmetry, subjected to equal and opposite and couples as shown in Figure 2.18. Figure 2.18: Pure bending. The stress is needed to assured that is consistent with the boundary conditions at ends. These condition are required the results of the internal forces be zero. Therefore, the bending moments about the neutral axis equal the applied moment, : , An expression for normal stress can be written as follows. This is familiarly elastic flexure formula applicable to straight beams applicable. Since, given section, I and M are constant; the maximum stress is obtained by taking: Where S is the elastic section modulus, these formula is widely employed in practice because if its simplicity and facilitate its use also. This,, is regularly used as a measure of the bending strength of materials. 2.6.4 Plastic deformation Unlike elastic deformation, during which, for example, a rod under a tensile load returns to its initial length as long as a defined value (elastic limit of the material) is not exceeded, a workpiece which is plastically deformed retains its shape permanently [14]. Figure 2.19: Tension test bar change in length under stress. 2.6.5 Deformation resistance The resistance to be overcome during a deformation is composed of the flow stress and the friction resistances in the tool, which are brought together under the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“resistance to flowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? [14]. Kf=Flow stress which is direct variation as follows material, type of force, true strain, strain rate, and Temperature. Kr=Friction between tools with material which is direct variation as follows lubricate, surface by surface between tools and material, Temperature, Specify compression stress between tools work piece. Ki= the geometric of forming area, from stress of forming area and relations between Kf and Kr. 2.6.6 Choice of material model for forming In the experiment, the material model for the bending have as actual stress-stain curve. In general material will have an elastic, plastic strain-hardening behavior [15]. Figure 2.20 shows that several example of material behavior are given in many cases. The magnitude of the strain is depending on the bend ratio, this is defined as the ratio of the radius of curvature to sheet thickness,. Figure 2.20: Material models for bending. (a) An actual stressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"strain curve. (b) An elastic, perfectly plastic model. (c) A rigid, perfectly plastic model. (d) A strain-hardening plastic model. 2.6.6-1 Strain-hardening model The preload forming process deforms the stainless steel material into some angles, which use a strain-hardening plastic model [15]. Other material of preload forming is not formed by forming tools, which is only assembled with the stainless steel. So, we will describe its behavior as shown in Figure 2.20(d), the strain-hardening model is large the strain. The elastic strains can be neglected, and the low strain hardening model is used, the model expresses as following. Where is strength coefficient Table 2.2 Typical values of strength coefficient K and strain hardening exponent n for selected metals. Material Strength Coefficient, K Strain Hardening Exponent, n MPa lb/in2 Aluminum, pure, appealed 175 25,000 0.20 Aluminum, alloy, appealeda 240 35,000 0.15 Aluminum, alloy, heat treated 400 60,000 0.10 Copper, pure, annealed 300 45,000 0.50 Copper alloy,brassa 700 100,000 0.35 Steel, low C, appealeda 500 75,000 0.25 Steel, high C, appealeda 850 125,000 0.15 Steel, alloy, appealeda 700 100,000 0.15 Steel, stainless, austenitic, appealeda 1200 175,000 0.40 2.6.6-2 Bending without tension The workpiece is bent by a pure moment without any tension or compression being applied, the neutral axis will be at the mid-surface [15]. The pure bending process is examined here for elastic bending and strain-hardening as the following. 2.6.6-3 Elastic bending The linear elastic is bent of sheet shows the material models in the Figure 2.21. The material model [15] of elastic bending as shown in Figure 2.21(a) where the yield stresses- is S. The relationship of stressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"strain relation is given as . The distribution shown in Figure 2.21(b), the distribution of stress in Figure 2.21(c). Figure 2.21: Linear elastic bending of sheet showing the material model (a), the strain distribution (b), and the stress distribution (c). The stress at a distance y from the neutral axis, is The moment at the section for elastic spring back, is Figure 2.22: Moment curvature diagram for elastic bending. Where is the second moment of area for a unit width of sheet, and is the curvature. The limit of elastic bending is when the outer fibre at reaches the plane strain yield stress S. The limiting elastic moment is given by The curvature at this moment is; From Figures 2.22 shown that the moment, curvature diagram are within this elastic range, which is a linear. 2.6.7 Elastic unloading and spring back If a sheet is bent by a moment to a particular curvature, as shown in Figure 2.23, and the moment then released [15]. There will be a change in curvature and bend angle. The length of the mid-surface is This will remain unchanged during unloading as the stress and strain at the middle surface are zero. From this, we obtain in which = constant, we obtain Figure 2.23: Unloading a sheet that has been bent by a moment without tension. 2.7 Design of Experiments In engineering, experimentation shows an important role in new product design, manufacturing process development, and process improvement. The object in many cases may be to develop a robust design. In this study, design of experiments (DOE) will be used to optimize composite design tools to minimize variation in forming process. Usually, experiments are performed to gain insight about a process so that conclusions and decisions can be made to develop design tools, and mathematics model. Statistically designed experiments make it possible to test several process key parameter input variables (KPIV) simultaneously in order to assess the effect of each on the process key parameter output variables (KPOV). At composite manufacturing, processes are geared towards factors significant and as-significant production runs. This approach is known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“sequential experimentation. In general, experiments are used to study the performance of design. The design can be represented by the model as shown in Figure 2.24. We can usually visualize the process as a combination of machines, methods, people, and other resources that transforms some input into an output that has one or more observable responses. Some of the process variables x1, x2 and so on are controllable, whereas other variables z1, z2 and so on are uncontrollable. Inputs (KPIV) X1, X2, X3, X4à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Xn Outputs (KPIV) Y Design forming Process Figure 2.24: General mathematical model of process and design. The process variation or error, e, will be some function of many component errors. e = e1 + e2 + e3 + à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ en The central limit theorem states that the distribution of the linear function of errors will tend to normality almost irrespective of the individual distributions. The error in an experiment or process can arise in an additive manner from several independent sources; consequently, the normal distribution becomes a plausible model for the combined experimental for process error. 2.8 Experimental Analysis In this section, we will focus on the HDD suspension and the researches that relate for background of this thesis, these topics are discussed follows. Esat et al. (2002) Finite element analysis of spring in bending of aluminum sheets [2]. In manufacturing industry, the bending operation involves with springback. Therefore, it is a practical problem to predict the final geometry of the workpiece after elastic springback recovery and also the design a appropriate tools in tools for compensate for springback , So, this research uses the commercial software for finite for finite element method (FEM) to analyze plastic strains and the equivalent von misses stresses are presented. The results of FEA are comparing with the empirical data, which is a good agreement of its result. The numerical method analyze and design bending dies, punch, and others parameter. Because of it uses very short period of time, the FEA is possible to obtain suitable dies that compensate for springback. On the other hand, the manufacturing process are trial and error procedures that a long time and the result wastage of material and effort. Chou,I.N Hung, C. (1997). Finte element analysis and optimization on springback reduction [3].Several springback reduction techniques used in the U-channel bending processes were analyzed with the finite element method, which included are bottoming, pinching die and spanking and movement techniques. The relationship between the amount of springback and the forming parameters in each technique was first established through finite element simulations, and then the optimization analysis was coupled with the finite element analysis to find the optimum forming parameters for each springback reduction technique. Siwakorn Srisawat (2008). He study simulation model for reducing residual stress in HDD suspension during forming process [16]. One component of the HDD suspension is the flat TG, which is formed into a curved TG during the TG forming process. This process leaves residual stress in the TG walls. This residual stress could affect the head gimbal assembly at factories and also the response of the HDD operation. A simulation model in finite element analysis is proposed in this paper to address two aims. The first is improved prediction of elastic springback as forming TG is an elastic-plastic recovery phenomenon during unloading that leads to springback. The second aim is to reduce the residual stress that occurs in TG during its forming process. Kazan Recep al. (2002) Prediction of springback in wipe-bending process of sheet metal using neural network [17]. The wipe-bending is one of processes the most frequently used in the sheet metal product industry. Furthermore, the springback of sheet metal, which is defined as elastic recovery of the part during unloading, should be taken into consideration so as to produce bent sheet metal parts within acceptable tolerance limits. Springback is affected by factors such as sheet thickness, tooling geometry, lubrication conditions, and material properties and processing parameters. In this paper, the prediction model of springback in wipe-bending process was developed using artificial neural network (ANN) approach. Here, several numerical simulations using finite element method (FEM) were performed to teaching data of network. The learned network is numerically tested and can be easily implemented springback prediction for new cases. Tekiner Zafer. (2004) the examination of springback of sheet metal with several thicknesses and properties in bending dies [18]. The bending die has an importance in the sheet metals product industry. However, the springback of the sheet metal may be taken into consideration in the bending die design for an experimental study. There are two types of the bending die have been conducted to study that is V-bending die and this is a subdivided into corner bending in the air. The springback must be known in order to produce bent sheet metal part within the acceptable tolerance limits. In this research carried out on the determination of amount springback of bent products. The modular V-bend die many induces the several sheet metal with the bending angles for the amount of springback. The amount of springback results are in line with the result of pervious researches. Ekaratch et al.(2008) Vibration analysis of suspension in HDD with FEM [19] the vibration of slider or Read/Write head is one of the major concerns for hard disk drive manufacture. R/W head is an important part that performs read/write data on the media. The air pressure, caused by air flow through the gap between R/W head and media, sustain the flight height of slider above the media, called air bearing. In general, the gap between the head and the media is very small. Thus, if the vibration level of the Head-Suspension is too high, the head and the media could come into contact and damage both components. The main objective of is work is to study the mechanical vibration of suspension that holds R/W head. The Finite Element model of suspension is conducted having air bearing stiffness between the Head and the media as a combination of linear springs. The natural frequencies and the corresponding mode shapes of the combined system are employed to use in conjunction with mechanical t roubles and cost occurred for testing physical models. Kajonsak et al. (2009) He had studied of HGA behaviors after mounted with Shipping Comb [20]. In Head Stack Assembly process, a shipping comb is mounted to HAS adjacent the HGA area. This is to prevent the vibration of the sliders, attached at the end of suspension, when joining HAS to the other parts or conduct the measurements, storage and transportation. This work is aimed to study the behaviors of HGA when shipping comb. Having various dimensions and shapes, is mounted on using Finite Element analysis for analysis and comparison Gram load value. The components of Shipping Comb are 5 parts Swage shuttle fixture, fixture, Spreader pins, Load cell and Gripper.

John Proctor struggles against Abigail Williams In The Crucible - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1327 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Crucible Essay Did you like this example? Stories are such fascinating subjects, as they seem to create worlds in a completely new universe or be set in the past so long ago that people can no longer remember it. In every story, there is protagonists and antagonists. The antagonist always go against the protagonist, bringing conflict in the story. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "John Proctor struggles against Abigail Williams In The Crucible" essay for you Create order Along with the fact of bringing conflict into the story, he or she also has a highly significant role in the development of the protagonist. The story then can end in two different ways. It can end with the protagonist finally defeating the antagonist after overcoming both physical and mental obstacles. The other way is that after struggling throughout his or her life, the protagonist, in the end, can not stop the antagonist and dies or otherwise becomes unable to oppose the antagonist. The novel, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is the latter type of a story as the protagonist, John Proctor, struggles against Abigail Williams, who opposes him in numerous ways such as ruining his wife, manipulating people and situations, and avoiding all accusations at fault in any way possible, showing her to be the main antagonist of the story; all of this is needed for Miller to show the true depravity of human nature, and in return, the so called good does not triumph over evil. Abigail reveals traits of antagonism when she tries to get rid of Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctorrs wife, in order to try to keep him for herself, showing the depravity of humans. In the argument between Betty and Abigail when Betty finally woke up, it is revealed to the audience that [Abigail] drank bloodto kill John Proctorrs wife(18). While Abigail did not succeed in killing Elizabeth Proctor with that method, the fact stands that she did such an act with malicious thoughts in mind. It showed her need to cause conflict and get rid of things in her way through any means possible, although the success rate was very low. Even though it didnt seem to do much in the whole of the story, it was perhaps the very starting point of the cause of the witch trial hysteria. Once Abigail realizes that the charm to kill Goody Proctor by drinking blood didnt work, she then gets a warrant for [Elizabeth Proctor][charging] a cruel and murder on Abigail(69,72). Abigail shows her ruthlessness and lack of empathy through these actions, as she gets the wife of the man she so calls ?loves in order to try to get together with him, although she was repeatedly rejected by John Proctor previously. Through these actions, she creates one of the main events of the book, as John Proctor later does anything and everything he can in order to get his wife proved innocent and released from jail. Abigailrs need for getting rid of Elizabeth Proctor shows that Abigail is the antagonist of this book as it shows her trying to the get rid of someone very dear to the protagonist, John Proctor, and thus, creates a conflict between them. Throughout the book, Abigail shows more proof of being the antagonist as she manipulates the people around her for her own personal gain and otherrs misery, verifying the opinion of Miller that the human nature is corrupt. The person Abigail most commonly manipulates is Mary Warren, who is likely an easy target due to the fact that she is a naive, lonely girl. One time Abigail has done such manipulations is when Mary testified against Abigail on the orders of John Proctor. Abigail pretends that she sees the familiar spirit of Mary and it attacks her. Knowing that she would be hanged for witchcraft on the accusations of Abigail, Mary then tries to save herself by saying Proctor is the Devilrs man(110) and that he manipulated her instead of Abigail. This act shows how far Abigailrs manipulations can go, as she caused the man she wanted to be with get accused of dealing with the devil. It also further alongs the trials John Proctor has to go through as now both him and his wife are imp risoned on the accusation of witchcraft. However, Abigailrs manipulations are also showed before this event has occurred. It happened when she saw Mary sew a poppet for Elizabeth Proctor and stick the needle into it to keep safe. Once Abigail saw those actions, she created a plot in order to convince the court that Elizabeth tried to kill her with a needle stuck in her stomach with the claim being that [Elizabeth Proctorrs] familiar spirit pushed it in(71). With such manipulations set in place, very few people would believe in it being set up specially because of the time period the play was set in, as almost everyone during that time was superstitious with the beliefs of witchcraft and other highly illogical things. The manipulations show Abigailrs lack of morals as she, without hesitation, made others think that someone attempted murder with witchcraft, knowing that it would only end in death for the accused. It reveals that Abigail is the antagonist as she repeatedly exploits oth errs weaknesses in order to fulfill her own goals, and in return, create the conflict in the play as John Proctor tries to stop Abigail and make everyone see that she is in the wrong, not the ones being accused by her. In order to avoid the consequences of her mistakes, Abigail makes it so others take blame or runs away from her problems, which both affirms her position as the antagonist and the perverseness of the human nature. This is first shown in the beginning of the play, as Reverend Parris suspects of her to be doing witchcraft in the woods along with dancing. In order to avoid the consequences of her actions, she lies and says that she [goes] back to Jesus [and] saw Sarah Good with the Devil(45) among with many other names. A truly good person would accept their punishments for their actions, and as shown, Abigail does not. Instead, she blames other in an attempt for them to take on her punishment, and it works. Everyone in town is driven into hysteria as people are being accused everywhere and soon, dozens of people are contained in jail to be hanged soon. This is the very start of the conflict in the play, and it is due to Abigail and the other such girls that danced in the woods trying t o get out of punishment. Later again in the play, it is shown again that Abigail does not face the repercussions of her actions face on. As she realized her actions caused John Proctor to be jailed and later be sentenced to death, instead of confessing, she ran off in fear to keep in Salem(117). Her running off shows how much responsible she has, which is none. She practically started the craze of witchcraft in Salem single-handedly and ran off before it was realized by the other citizens. Her lack of responsibility for her actions show how far humanity has declined as she caused many to die and yet does not stand up for her actions, which makes her seem to be the antagonist of the play as in the end, John Proctor dies due to her actions. Miller shows how depraved humanity has gotten by how the antagonist, Abigail Williams, acts in order to create the conflict with the protagonist, John Proctor; she tries to get rid of his wife, manipulate everyone and everything, and in the end, runs away from the aftermath of the chaos she has created. An antagonist is someone who opposes the protagonist and as a result, brings the conflict into the story. The antagonist makes the protagonist develop throughout the story as he or she goes through mental and physical obstacles in order to defeat the antagonist. Unfortunately, not all of the time does the protagonist succeed in his or her actions; sometimes in the end, the antagonist wins.